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系统梳理了湿法纺气凝胶纤维的制备工艺，涵盖纺丝液设计、凝固浴参数调控、牵伸及干燥策略，重点分析了无机、有机、复合气凝胶纤维的结构性能特点，探讨了湿法纺气凝胶纤维在保温隔热、智能可穿戴、生物医用、相变储能等领域的创新应用，指出湿法纺丝虽在精准调控气凝胶纤维多孔结构方面优势明显，但面临的高能耗干燥、力学性能局限及多功能集成不足等瓶颈仍有待突破。研究为未来湿法纺气凝胶纤维的工业化开发与性能优化提供理论参考。
Abstract：The preparation process of wet-spun aerogel fibers was systematically reviewed, which coverd spinning solution design, coagulation bath parameter control, and drawing and drying strategies. The structural and performance characteristics of inorganic, organic and composite aerogel fibers were analyzed. The innovative applications of wet-spun aerogel fibers in fields such as thermal insulation, smart wearables, biomedical uses, and phase-change energy storage were discussed. It was pointed out that although wet spinning had obvious advantages in precisely regulating the porous structure of aerogel fibers, bottlenecks such as high-energy consumption in drying, mechanical property limitations, and multifunctional integration still needed to be overcome. The research provides theoretical references for the industrial development and performance optimization of wet-spun aerogel fibers in the future.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:TQ340.643
引用信息:
[1]李龙鑫,魏祎程,刘呈坤.湿法纺气凝胶纤维的制备、性能研究与应用进展[J].产业用纺织品,2025,43(06):22-31+52.
基金信息:
陕西省创新能力支撑计划科技资源开放共享平台项目(2020-PT-043)