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全球淡水资源短缺问题日益严峻，太阳能驱动界面蒸发(SDIE)技术作为一项重要的海水淡化手段，展现出巨大的应用潜力。棉因其优异的吸水性、轻质和低成本特性，成为新型SDIE材料，但其本体通过改性来提升光热性能的方法有限，故需与金属、半导体、碳基材料或聚合物等光热材料复合以优化性能。总结了提升光热转换效率的几种方法，即利用高吸光材料改性棉织物、调控材料复合关系、将光热蒸发器从二维升级至三维以提升海水蒸发速率与稳定性，指出未来需开发高比表面积三维光热织物、深化光热机理研究、降低蒸发焓，以推动高效稳定的实用化海水淡化系统的发展。
Abstract：The global freshwater shortage problem is becoming increasingly severe, solar driven interfacial evaporation(SDIE) technology, as an important seawater desalination method, shows great application potential. Cotton has become a novel SDIE material due to its excellent water absorption, light weight and low cost, but its bulk modification to improve photothermal performance is limited. Thus, it is necessary to compound cotton with photothermal materials such as metals, semiconductors, carbon-based materials, or polymers for optimization. Several methods to enhance the efficiency of photothermal conversion were summarized, which included modifying fabrics with high light-absorbing materials, adjusting material composite relationships, and upgrading photothermal evaporators from 2D to 3D to enhance seawater evaporation rate and stability. It was noted that in the future, it was required to develop 3D photothermal fabrics with high specific surface area, to deepen the study of photothermal mechanisms, reduce evaporation enthalpy, and promote the development of efficient and stable practical seawater desalination systems.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TK519;P747
引用信息:
[1]周洋,张金萍,彭婉丽,等.棉基光热蒸发器在太阳能海水淡化中的应用进展[J].产业用纺织品,2026,44(02):10-21+34.
2026-02-25
2026-02-25